A COMPARATIVE-STUDY ON ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS OF WILD AND CULTIVATED ATRACTYLODES LANCEA AND A-CHINENSIS

To clarify the variation in the pharmacologically active components of the essential oil contained in the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea an d A. chinensis growing in China, we transplanted the rhizomes of the w ild plants from 18 populations, including A. koreana, in the same expe rimental field. After two or three years' cultivation, main essential oil components, i.e., the sesquiterpenes: elemol (1), atractylon (2), hinesol (3), beta-eudesmol (4), selina-4(14),7(11)-dien-8-one (5), and the polyacetylene of atractylodin (6) were determined by capillary ga s chromatography. The analytical data of 306 cultivated plants were co mpared with plants collected in their habitat. A. lancea varied signif icantly in the contents of the components after cultivation; however, the correlation coefficient in the contents of 3, 4, and 6 between the wild and cultivated plants were 0.985, 0.954, and 0.945, respectively (p < 0.001). Compared to this, A. chinensis had constant content valu es. Three types of A. lancea and two types of A. chinensis, which are distinguished by the characteristics of the components in the wild con ditions, were statistically recognized after cultivation. from these r esults, it was determined that the geographical variation in the compo nents of these species mainly reflects genetic variability.