We hereby report the second ease of antenatally diagnosed ''neurenteri
c cyst'' in the literature. The patient we describe presented as a neo
natal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) which? did not respond to a
vigorous resuscitation. Anomaly oi the antenatal ultrasonography and
of the initial chest x-ray added to the nonresponse to therapy led us
to an urgent thoracic scan and to a lifesaving thoracotomy. We think t
hat every posterior mediastinal cystic mass, with or without vertebral
malformations, diagnosed antenatally should raise the possibility of
neurenteric cyst. The perinatal manage ment of-the newborn to be, will
thus be simplified. This will lead to a better outcome.