The choice behavior of a decision-maker is said to be consistent with
expected utility maximization if there exists a utility function defin
ed on the set of prizes such that the decision-maker chooses lotteries
with the highest expected utility. We present a revealed preference c
haracterization of choice behavior that is consistent with expected ut
ility maximization. A necessary and sufficient condition for expected
utility maximization is that there does not exist a way to compound lo
tteries such that the probability distribution over the final prizes g
enerated by the chosen lotteries of each observation is equal to that
generated by the rejected lotteries of each observation. Our result is
quite general and can be applied to any compact set of prizes and any
choice correspondence.