FIXED-BED PYROLYSIS AND HYDROPYROLYSIS OF AN IMMATURE TYPE-I TURKISH OIL-SHALE

A number of different pyrolysis procedures were investigated in order to achieve higher oil yields from an immature type I oil shale than ob tained under static retorting conditions. Both nitrogen and steam gase s increased yields as anticipated: Steam achieving comparable yields t o nitrogen but at much lower gas velocities. The composition of the ta rs varied considerably, steam increasing the concentration of alkenes. In coprocessing the oil shale with a Turkish lignite in the Heinze re tort, oil yields were higher than predicted principally due to extract ion of the lignite by pyrobitumens obtained from the oil shale. Fixed bed hydropyrolysis of the shale at 15 MPa resulted in oil yields of 75 % daf shale. The use of a dispersed sulphided molybdenum catalyst incr eased the oil yield to over of 80%.