Objectives: Three new cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis are
described in children. Methods: Laboratory examinations including whit
e and red blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, renal fun
ction, urinalysis and cystography were performed. Results: All of the
patients had a palpable abdominal mass. Urine culture was positive (Pr
oteus mirabilis) in only I patient. Associated urological abnormalitie
s were found in 2 cases. Urographically a functionless kidney was enco
untered in 2 children and a renal mass in the other. None could be dia
gnosed preoperatively. Conclusions: Although nephrectomy has been said
to be the treatment of choice, conservative treatment can be successf
ul as shown by 1 of our patients.