RACIAL AND GENDER CONSCIOUSNESS AMONG AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN - SOURCES AND CONSEQUENCES

African-American women face discrimination on the bases of both race a nd gender, and scholars have argued that their double status disadvant age should predispose them to high levels of group consciousness. Usin g data from the 1984 National Survey of Black Americans, this study fi nds substantial levels of racial consciousness among black women, and moderately high levels of gender consciousness, as well. These two typ es of group consciousness are correlated but distinct and have differe nt sources and consequences.