THE EFFECT OF PERSONAL-EXPERIENCE WITH MENTAL-ILLNESS ON THE ATTITUDETOWARDS INDIVIDUALS SUFFERING FROM MENTAL-DISORDERS

Based on the results of two population surveys conducted in Germany du ring 1990 and 1993, we examined to what extent personal experience wit h mental illness might influence attitudes towards the mentally ill. R espondents familiar with mental illness displayed prosocial reactions more frequently than those without any personal experience. They also tended to react less fearfully. There were only small differences, if any, as far as the tendency to respond with aggression was concerned. People with personal experience tended less to adopt an antipathetic a nd distancing attitude towards individuals suffering from mental disor ders. Our results are all the more persuasive as we were able to demon strate this relationship between personal experience with and attitude towards mental illness for two independent samples. There were indica tions that personal exposure to mental illness exerts a positive influ ence on a person's attitude towards the disorder and that our findings were not merely the results of possible selection effects, that is to say, that individuals with a more positive attitude towards the menta lly ill would have been more inclined to stay in touch with the latter , therefore having greater experience with mental illness.