RISK-FACTORS FOR SPORADIC SALMONELLOSIS IN SWITZERLAND

A case-control study was conducted to identify determinants for the ac quisition of sporadic Salmonella infection in Switzerland. Over a one- year period (1993), 223 case-control pairs were enrolled in the study and risk factors were assessed by means of self-administered questionn aires. Three-quarters of the isolates were identified as Salmonella en teritidis, most of which (80%) belonged to phage type 4. There were di stinct differences in risk factors between infections with Salmonella enteritidis and those with other Salmonella serovars. In both groups r ecent travel abroad was positively associated with illness. This assoc iation was more pronounced for infections with non-enteritidis salmone llae [odds ratio (OR) 39.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.6-236.8, co mpared to Salmonella enteritidis 4.0; 95% CI 1,8-9.1]. Among the presu mably imported infections, Salmonella enteritidis was acquired mostly in other European countries, while other serovars were acquired mostly in countries outside of Europe. Eating food containing raw or underco oked eggs during the three days before the onset of illness increased the risk of infection with Salmonella enteritidis. Desserts made with raw eggs (OR 4.6; 95% CI 2.0-10.6) were more strongly associated with disease than consumption of soft-boiled eggs (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2-3.7), suggesting that the risk of infection was dependent on the extent to which eggs were cooked. Egg consumption was not associated with infect ions with serovars other than Salmonella enteritidis; however, the int ake of medications other than antacids was found to be a risk factor ( OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.1-11.4).