Declines in amphibian populations are rarely reported on the community
or ecosystem level. We combined broad-scale field sampling with histo
rical analyses of museum records to quantify amphibian declines in Cal
ifornia's Great Central Valley. Overall, amphibians showed an unambigu
ous pattern of decline, although the intensity of decline varied both
geographically and taxonomically. The greatest geographical decline wa
s detected in the counties of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys.
Two species, Rana aurora and Bufo boreas were identified as the most a
ffected by decline, whereas Pseudacris regilla was the least affected.
The Coast Range counties has little or no detectable decline. We prov
ide new evidence implicating introduced predators as a primary threat.
Introduced predators occur at lower elevations that native species, a
nd our data indicate that for some native species there has been signi
ficant restriction to higher elevation sites from a formerly broader d
istribution. Our historical approach provides a strategy for identifyi
ng declining amphibian communities that complements more detailed, lon
g-term monitoring programs and provides an assessment of the pattern o
f change that is a necessary prerequisite for the development of field
experiments that test hypothesized mechanisms of change.