M. Vanbael et al., HETEROZYGOSITY FOR TAY-SACHS-DISEASE IN NON-JEWISH AMERICANS WITH ANCESTRY FROM IRELAND OR GREAT-BRITAIN, Journal of Medical Genetics, 33(10), 1996, pp. 829-832
We performed a genetic epidemiological analysis of American non-Jewish
people with ancestry from Ireland or Great Britain with regard to het
erozygosity for Tay-Sachs disease (TSD). This study was prompted by a
recent report that the frequency of heterozygosity for TSD among Irish
Americans was 1 in 8, a frequency much higher than that recognised fo
r any other population group. We identified 19 of 576 (3.3%) people of
Irish background as TSD heterozygotes by the standard thermolability
assay for beta-hexosaminidase A (Hex A) activity. Three of 289 people
of non-Irish British Isles background (1%) were also identified as het
erozygotes by biochemical testing. Specimens from the biochemically id
entified Irish heterozygotes were analysed for seven different Hex A c
t subunit gene mutations; three (15.8%) had a lethal +1 IVS-9 G to A m
utation, previously noted to be a common mutation among TSD heterozygo
tes of Irish ancestry. Eight of 19 (42.1%) had one of two benign or ps
eudodeficiency mutations, and no mutation was found in 42.1% of the he
terozygotes analysed. These data indicate that non-Jewish Americans wi
th Irish background have a significantly increased frequency of hetero
zygosity at the Hex A a subunit gene locus, but that approximately 42%
of the biochemically ascertained heterozygotes have clinically benign
mutations. A pseudodeficiency mutation was identified in one of the t
hree TSD heterozygotes of non-Irish British Isles background; no mutat
ions were found in the other two. The data allow for a frequency estim
ate of deleterious alleles for TSD among Irish Americans of 1 in 192 t
o 1 in 52. Non-Jewish Americans with ancestry from Great Britain have
a minimal, if any, increase in rate of heterozygosity at the TSD gene
locus relative to the general population.