URBANICITY-RELATED TRENDS IN LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY IN US COUNTIES - WHITE FEMALES AND WHITE MALES, 1970-1987

Background. The effect of urbanization on age-adjusted lung cancer mor tality rates in US counties is investigated, The data come from Nation al Cancer Institute, and urban trends are estimated in time periods 19 70-1979 and 1980-1987, for both white males and white females. To acco unt for possibly different gradients in different parts of the country , the 48 contiguous states are divided into seven regions. Methods. A measure of urbanness, urbanicity, is defined and is used to stratify c ounties. A multiplicative model is proposed that relates county mortal ity rates to urbanicity. The residuals from this multiplicative model serve as age- and urban-adjusted rates. Results. Urban-rural gradients are significant for nearly all regions for both white males and white females, diminishing slightly in the latter time period for white mal es but becoming stronger for white females. Conclusions. The age- and urban-adjusted rates may be used in mapping to investigate geographica l patterns that remain after removal of the urban factor.