F. Digregorio et al., TRANSVALVULAR IMPEDANCE (TVI) RECORDING UNDER ELECTRICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL CARDIAC STIMULATION, PACE, 19(11), 1996, pp. 1689-1693
The cardiac electric impedance was recorded between right atrium and v
entricle, throughout the cardiac cycle, by means of a tripolar single
pass lead for VDD pacing. The transvalvular impedance signal (TVI) is
a sharp periodic wave, with high signal-to-noise ratio, that is detect
ed exclusively in the presence of cardiac mechanical activity. The min
im um TVI value is attained during the atrial systole, the maximum at
the end of ventricular systole. Different parameters of TVI waveform a
re affected by changes in the inotropic state, and could therefore be
proposed as potential signals for new rate responsive algorithms based
on the correlation between inotropic and chronotropic regulation. The
signal might be used, moreover, for pacing and sensing validation in
autoregulating pacemarkers and for fibrillation recognition in ICDs.