Pg. Miedema et Wa. Vanleeuwen, GAUGE-INVARIANT PERTURBATIONS IN A FLAT FRW UNIVERSE, Physical review. D. Particles and fields, 54(12), 1996, pp. 7227-7236
Starting out with new definitions for the gauge-invariant perturbation
s in energy density and particle number density, evolution equations f
or these quantities are derived which are manifestly gauge invariant.
In the case of vanishing pressure, these equations are identical to Po
isson's equation. This fact is in contrast with what is found in earli
er treatments based on other definitions.