USING MULTIMEDIA TO TEACH CONFLICT-RESOLUTION SKILLS TO YOUNG ADOLESCENTS

SMART Talk is a multimedia, computer-based violence-prevention interve ntion that employs games, simulations, graphics, cartoons, and interac tive interviews to engage young adolescents in learning new skills to resolve conflicts without violence. Eight modules cover anger manageme nt, dispute resolution, and perspective taking. SMART Talk was pilot-t ested in a small-city middle school during a three-week period. After the pilot testing, SMART Talk was implemented in a middle school (sixt h, seventh, and eighth grades) with a diverse socioeconomic population , located within 10 miles of a major Midwestern metropolis. The 16-wee k intervention began in January. Students had access to SMART Talk dur ing the school day and could use the computer alone or with a partner. Subjects for whom parental permission (n = 558) was granted were give n a preintervention and postintervention survey. The survey measured d emographic, psychosocial, and environmental factors as well as aggress ive and other violence-related behaviors. After the pretest, two teams from each grade were randomly assigned to the intervention group and one team to the control group. Only students in the intervention group had access to SMART Talk during the 16-week intervention period. Afte r the posttest, control subjects had access to SMART Talk. Additional data for the evaluation were collected through archival records of gra des and school disciplinary actions. All variables indicated comparabi lity between intervention and control groups. As a population, 84% of the students were Caucasian and 9% were African American. Psychosocial variables indicated 30-day frequently angry (64%), 30-day depression (15%), and impulsivity (28%). Environmental variables indicated that 6 8% reported they could get a gun easily, 59% feel unsafe in their neig hborhood, and 24% were personally affected by violence. Violence-relat ed variables indicated 30-day threatened to hit (45%), 30-day hit some one (56%), bullying behavior (29%), and fighting (38%). Overall, a sig nificant percentage of the sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-graders in thi s study have engaged in aggressive or risky behaviors such as fighting and bullying other students, Because many of these students frequentl y are angry, feel unsafe in their neighborhood, and have been personal ly affected by violence, violence-prevention programs are warranted in this school. SMART Talk gave the students an avenue to explore anger- management strategies and conflict-resolution and perspective-taking s kills. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): violence, adolescents, multime dia, computer graphics, prevention, intervention studies, conflict.