Mp. Hoffmann et al., FIELD-TESTS WITH KAIROMONE-BAITED TRAPS FOR CUCUMBER BEETLES AND CORNROOTWORMS IN CUCURBITS, Environmental entomology, 25(5), 1996, pp. 1173-1181
Sticky traps with and without the attractant TIC (1,2,4-trimethoxybenz
ene, indole, and trans-cinnamaldehyde) were evaluated in cucurbits for
capture of striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.), spotted c
ucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, western cor
n rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, and northern corn
rootworm, D. barberi Smith & Lawrence, in New York and western striped
cucumber beetle, Acalymma trivittatum (Mannerheim), and western spott
ed cucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata Mannerh
eim, in California. Traps with TIC lures captured more beetles than un
baited traps for all species except for western spotted cucumber beetl
e in 1 of 2 California trials. Yellow traps captured more striped cucu
mber beetle and western spotted cucumber beetle than did white traps b
ut did not increase capture of spotted cucumber beetle or western stri
ped cucumber beetle. The response of the western corn rootworm and nor
thern corn rootworm to TIC varied by time of day, the greatest respons
e occurring around midday. Increases in TIC per trap resulted in incre
ases in capture of western cucumber beetle, western striped cucumber b
eetle, western corn rootworm, and striped cucumber beetle, but not for
northern corn rootworm or spotted cucumber beetle. For cucurbits with
short plant canopies, traps were most effective when placed close to
the ground. In pumpkins with taller canopies, traps at canopy and midc
anopy height captured the most beetles. The effect of trap height vari
ed by time of day for spotted cucumber beetle, western corn rootworm,
and northern corn rootworm, and the pattern Varied for the species. Se
x ratio of captured beetles varied among species and time of day. Over
all, western corn rootworm and northern corn rootworm were captured in
greatest numbers during the middle of the day, whereas the greatest c
aptures of striped cucumber beetle occurred between 1800 and 0600 hour
s EST. Significantly greater numbers of striped cucumber beetle, weste
rn corn rootworm, and northern corn rootworm were captured on the down
wind side of traps. Traps replaced 2 times per day had greater capture
s than traps replaced I time per day or 1 time every 2 d.