T. Sitter et al., MODULATION OF PROCOAGULANT AND FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF MESOTHELIAL CELLS BY INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 40(5), 1996, pp. 1256-1263
Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HMC) play a critical role in maint
aining the intraperitoneal balance between fibrinolysis and coagulatio
n by expressing the fibrinolytic enzyme tissue-type plasminogen activa
tor (t-PA) as well as a specific plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI-
1, and the procoagulant protein tissue factor (TF). Of three compounds
known to stimulate t-PA synthesis in cultured human endothelial cells
, i.e., retinoic acid, the protein kinase C activator 4 beta-phorbol 1
2-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and sodium butyrate, only butyrate (1 mM
) caused about a threefold increase in t-PA synthesis and mRNA express
ion in HMC after 24 h of incubation, without markedly affecting PAI-1
synthesis. PMA (10 nM) induced a threefold increase in urokinase-type
plasminogen activator (u-PA) mRNA, but u-PA antigen levels in the HMC
conditioned media remained below the detection level (0.5 ng/ml), poss
ibly as a result of rapid uptake and degradation by the u-PA receptor.
The u-PA receptor mRNA levels were about fivefold enhanced above cont
rol levels after PMA treatment of the cells. An increase in intracellu
lar adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate levels by forskolin (10 mu M)
diminished t-PA and PAI-1 levels 43 and 17%, respectively. Among the
inflammatory mediators tested [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)
, interleukin-1 alpha, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide], TNF-alpha (1
0-1,000 U/ml) showed the strongest procoagulant effects. We found that
the Isoflavone compound genistein (25 mu g/ml) prevented the TNF-alph
a-induced expression of PAI-1 and TF while also slightly counteracting
the decrease in t-PA synthesis. The protein kinase C inhibitor Re-318
220 (3 mu M) only moderately opposed the TNF-alpha-induced changes in
t-PA and PAI-1 synthesis but completely prevented the induction of TF
mRNA. In summary, our results demonstrate that t-PA synthesis in HMC i
s relatively insensitive to pharmacological stimulation. To restore th
e balance between fibrinolysis and coagulation under inflammatory cond
itions, attempts to interfere with the TNF-alpha-signaling pathway wer
e more successful.