A general analysis for the first-order design of the two-conjugate zoo
m system, which consists of three lenses and has a real or virtual ima
ge, is presented. The design formulas are derived. Of two-conjugate zo
om systems, we analyze the solution areas in the system parameter diag
rams under two particular initial conditions in which the object/image
and pupil magnifications of the middle lens are taken to be 1 and -1
or -1 and 1. Two design methods are proposed. Several examples are giv
en to demonstrate the proposed design procedures. (C) 1996 Society of
Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.