This study explores the long-run dynamics of economic growth, with par
ticular reference to The Netherlands. The time span covered extends ba
ckwards to the mid-nineteenth century, using new time series on disagg
regated physical and human capital stocks for the period 1850-1913. Ec
onomic growth in the nineteenth century is shown to have had a strong
physical capital-using bias, initially concentrated in buildings and i
nfrastructure. The close relationship between investment in machinery
and economic growth did not begin to take shape until the end of the n
ineteenth century, to increase in strength in the course of the twenti
eth century.