The article reviews four explanatory models that try to analyze the fu
nction of linguistically salient elements in prose texts and demonstra
tes how these models have developed an increasingly more pragmatist ap
proach. The operation of these models is explained on the example of p
assages of free indirect discourse. Two further types of expressive st
yle are then introduced, and their metafictional quality is discussed
in terms of a subversion of realist reading conventions. Such peculiar
stylistic foregrounding fails to establish a workable connection with
linguistic insights unless monitored by sophisticated literary interp
retation. At such limits linguistics and literature turn out to be ver
y dependent on each other yet at the same time to encounter the horizo
n of their cooperation.