A case of a patient developing anuric acute renal failure and a hemorr
hagic syndrome resembling disseminated intravascular coagulation after
contact with Lonomia caterpillars is reported. Renal histology showed
only mild changes consistent with renal ischemia, although the patien
t never was hypotensive. The mechanisms of renal injury were obscure a
nd might be related to transient glomerular ischemia due to microcircu
lation fibrin deposition or to direct venom nephrotoxicity.