Pmd. Forster et al., FURTHER ESTIMATES OF RADIATIVE FORCING DUE TO TROPOSPHERIC OZONE CHANGES, Geophysical research letters, 23(23), 1996, pp. 3321-3324
Estimates from two 2-D (latitude - height) chemical transport models o
f changes in tropospheric ozone concentrations since pre-industrial ti
mes were used to calculate the radiative forcing due to these changes.
The ozone changes are from Cambridge (CAMB) and the U. K. Meteorologi
cal Office (UKMO) models. The global and annual mean forcing using the
UKMO changes was 0.3 Wm(-2) and was 0.5 Wm(-2) using the CAMB changes
. The UKMO ozone changes are typically 60% of those from CAMB and this
entirely accounts for the different forcing. Although the uncertainty
is large, the calculations continue to support the case that troposph
eric ozone changes make a substantial contribution (about 15%) to the
total greenhouse gas radiative forcing. It is also shown that ignoring
cloud and the effects of stratospheric adjustment in the radiative fo
rcing calculations leads to an over-estimation of the forcing by about
66%, for the global average.