We report the case of 68-year-old woman with an adenocarcinoma of the
right colon. The family history also suggested that she might also be
at risk of ovarian or endometrial cancer. Thus despite the lack of gyn
ecologic symptoms, abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopho
rectomy was proposed at the time of the right colectomy endometrial ca
rcinoma was discovered at surgery. This finding and the family pedigre
e were consistent with the diagnosis of familial Lynch II syndrome. Ap
propriate biomolecular analyses were undertaken. This case shows the i
mportance of family history taking in patients with cancer. The surgeo
n should be aware of such situations and correlate indications and pro
cedures with the genetic risk of the patients.