F. Muttin, A FINITE-ELEMENT FOR WRINKLED CURVED ELASTIC MEMBRANES, AND ITS APPLICATION TO SAILS, Communications in numerical methods in engineering, 12(11), 1996, pp. 775-785
This is a presentation of a quadrilateral finite element for wrinkled
curved elastic membranes. A modified form of the deformation gradient
enables us to avoid the spurious compressive stresses generated by a c
lassical model. It results in non-linear relations for the eigencompon
ents of the Cauchy stress tensor, which are solved by means of a secan
t method. The application of the element to sail design is presented i
n this paper.