F. Markus et K. Gambar, ANOTHER POSSIBLE DESCRIPTION OF FLUCTUATIONS, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics, 54(5), 1996, pp. 4607-4611
We show that the developed quantization procedure in the field theory
of thermodynamics (especially heat conduction), which handles the ther
modynamic variables as operators, is suitable to express the magnitude
of energy fluctuation in the case of heat conduction. We can examine
a nonequilibrium process and we point out that our formulation of fluc
tuations is not in contradiction with the statistical mechanics. We ca
n discuss in our treatment whether it would be possible to measure the
temperature around the absolute zero temperature.