We have conducted experiments on 16 lunar soils and three lunar pyrocl
astic glass samples to study the extraction of oxygen, an important re
source for a future lunar base. The samples were chosen to span the ra
nge of composition,mineralogy, and maturity represented in the Apollo
sample collection. Each sample was reduced in flowing hydrogen for 3 h
ours at 1050 degrees C. The dominant effect was reduction of Fe2+ (as
FeO) in minerals and glass to iron metal, with concomitant release of
oxygen. Oxygen extraction was strongly correlated with initial Fe2+ ab
undance. The data and supporting experiments also indicate extraction
of oxygen from TiO2 and SiO2. No dependence of oxygen release on sampl
e maturity could be identified. Oxygen was extracted, in decreasing or
der of efficiency, from ilmenite, agglutinitic and pyroclastic glass,
olivine, and pyroxene. The experimental reduction of lunar soil provid
es a method for assessing the oxygen production potential for sites on
the lunar surface from lunar orbit. Our results show that oxygen yiel
d from the regolith can be predicted from knowledge of only one parame
ter, total iron content. This parameter can be measured from orbit by
gamma ray spectrometry or multispectral imaging. These experimental da
ta also support the selection of feedstocks and operating parameters f
or a lunar oxygen plant.