Gene therapy seems very promising for numerous diseases of the develop
ing nervous system of infants. The efficacy of such an approach relies
on different parameters: 1) choice of a target gene; 2) selection of
a promoter permitting a robust and protracted expression of the delive
red gene in the target cells; 3) selection of a vector permitting to d
eliver the gene to the right cells with efficacy and without side-effe
cts; 4) choice of the way to administer the vector to the target cells
. Although experimental and methodological tools have greatly improved
during the last decade, gene therapy of child nervous system diseases
is still in the field of basic research.