EPITHELIAL OVARIAN-CANCER - INFLUENCE OF POLYMORPHISM AT THE GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE GSTM1 AND GSTT1 LOCI ON P53 EXPRESSION

The importance of polymorphism in the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1, GSTT1 and, cytochrome P450, CYP2D6 loci in the pathogenesis of epithe lial ovarian cancer has been assessed in two studies; firstly, a case- control study designed to determine the influence of these genes on su sceptibility to this cancer, and secondly, the putative role of these genes in the protection of host cell DNA has been studied by comparing p53 expression in patients with different GSTM1, GSTT1 and CYP2D6 gen otypes. The frequencies of GSTM1, GSTT1 and CYP2D6 genotypes in 84 cas es and 325 controls were not different. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect p53 expression in 63 of these tumours. Expression was found in 23 tumours. Of the patients demonstrating immunopositivity, 20 (87% ) were GSTM1 null. The frequency distributions of GSTM1 genotypes in p 53-positive and -negative samples were significantly different (P=0.00 2) and those for GSTT1 genotypes approached significance (exact P=0.05 7). The proportion of patients with both GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null was also significantly greater in the immunopositive (4/22) than in the i mmunonegative group (1/40) (P=0.0493). Single-strand conformational po lymorphism (SSCP) analysis was used to detect mutations in the 23 tumo ur samples demonstrating p53 positivity. A shift in electrophoretic mo bility of amplified fragments was found in 11 patients (exons 5, 6, 7 and 8) and these exons were sequenced. In eight samples a mutation was found. No SCCP variants were identified in the other 12 immunopositiv e patients. Sequencing of exons 4-9 of p53 from these tumours resulted in the detection of mutations in two patients (exons 5 and 7). Thus, in 23 patients who demonstrated immunopositivity, p53 mutations were f ound in nine patients with GSTM1 null (90.0%). In the 13 patients in w hom no mutations were identified, 11 were GSTM1 null (84.6%). The data show that overexpression of p53 is associated with the GSTM1 null gen otype. We propose the data are compatible with the view that GSTM1 and GSTT1 are critical in the detoxification of the products of oxidative stress produced during the repair of the ovarian epithelium. Thus, fa ilure to detoxify products of this stress may result in damage to vari ous genes in the host cell, including to p53, resulting in persistent expression of mutant protein. In other patients, oxidative stress effe cts damage to various genes, but not including p53, resulting in overe xpression of wild-type p53.