ACTIVATION OF THE JC VIRUS TAT-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL ELEMENT BY ASSOCIATION OF THE TAT PROTEIN OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-1 WITH CELLULAR PROTEIN PUR-ALPHA

JC virus is activated to replicate in glial cells of many AIDS patient s with neurological disorders, In human glial cells, the human immunod eficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein activates the major late promote r of JC virus through a Tat-responsive DNA element, termed upTAR, whic h is a recognition site for cellular Pur alpha, a sequence-specific si ngle-stranded DNA binding protein implicated in cell cycle control of DNA replication and transcription, Tat interacts with two leucine-rich repeats in Pur alpha to form a complex that can be immunoprecipitated from cell extracts, Tat enhances the ability of purified glutathione S-transferase-Pur alpha (GST-Pur alpha) to bind the upTAR element, Tat acts synergistically with Pur alpha, in a cell-cycle-dependent manner , to activate transcription at an upTAR element placed upstream of a h eterologous promoter, Since Pur alpha is ubiquitously expressed in hum an cells and since PUR elements are located near many promoters and or igins of replication, the Tat-Pur alpha interaction mag be implicated in effects of HIV-1 throughout the Full range of HIV-1-infected cells.