FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF 2 VITAMIN-D-RESPONSIVE ELEMENTS IN THE RAT 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D-3 24-HYDROXYLASE GENE

Two vitamin D-responsive elements (VDRE-1 and VDRE-2) were recently id entified in the 5'-upstream region of the rat 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 24 -hydroxylase gene at -151/-137 and -259/-245, respectively. We studied the transcriptional regulation of this gene by vitamin D by means of mutational analysis. Introducing mutations into VDRE-1 and VDRE-2 in t he native promoter -291/+9 reduced vitamin D-dependent chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity by 86 and 41%, respectively. Mutation of t he direct repeat -169/-155 located at 3 base pairs upstream of VDRE-1 also caused 50% decrease of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity . Connection of the element -169/-155 to VDRE-1 enhanced the vitamin D responsiveness of VDRE-1 5-fold through the heterologous beta-globin promoter. The fragment -291/-102 containing the two VDREs showed two s hifted bands in the presence of the vitamin D receptor and retinoid X receptor in gel retardation analysis, and the appearance of the slower migrating band indicates that two sets of receptor complexes bind to this fragment simultaneously. These results demonstrate that VDRE-1 is a stronger mediator of vitamin D function than VDRE-2 due to the pres ence of the accessory element -169/-155 located adjacent to VDRE-1, al though VDRE-2 exhibits a smaller dissociation constant for the vitamin D receptor-retinoid X receptor complex than VDRE-1.