Thermodynamics of the quantum Calogero model is studied by the microca
nonical ensemble approach. We formulate a thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (
TEA), whose reference state is the generalized ideal gas with fraction
al statistics (free a-on). Using the a-onic TEA, the free-quasiparticl
e picture for the Calogero model is identified as the free a-on. We ca
lculate the thermodynamic potential and the distribution function for
the Calogero model in the thermodynamic limit. The thermodynamic poten
tial at thermal equilibrium can be understood by the Bernoulli equatio
n. We also show that the thermodynamics of the Calogero model and the
Sutherland model are the same except for the dispersion relations.