We analyse a two-country general equilibrium model. The countries are
identical, except for the existence of an efficiently operating market
for producer services in one country, which allows it to gain cost ad
vantages by using differentiated services as an intermediate input in
the production process. Foreign manufacturers can only use these if th
ere is international exchange in services products or services technol
ogy. The welfare effects of liberalizing trade in services are mixed.
Not only the distinction between trade in services output and foreign
direct investment (FDI) is important, but also the specific mode by wh
ich FDI is conducted.