SURVEY OF MATHEMATICAL-PROGRAMMING MODELS IN AIR-POLLUTION MANAGEMENT

This paper surveys the current state of the literature in management s cience/operations research approaches to air pollution management, Aft er introducing suitable background we provide some of the institutiona l and legal framework needed to understand the continuing regulatory e fforts in United States. Attention is then turned to mathematical prog ramming models ranging from fairly simple deterministic linear program s to quite sophisticated stochastic models which have appeared in the literature dealing with these topics, This is followed by extensions r eflecting some of the work we have undertaken in association with the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, a regulatory agency in Texas, Application and potential use of models is the central theme o f this survey, Issues for future research are presented at the end and an extensive list of publications is provided in the references at th e end of the article. Principal air quality issues of local, national, and international concern are listed below in increasing order of dif ficulty based on the number of different types of pollutants and probl ems in quantification of the risks the pollutants pose: 1. Stratospher ic ozone depletion: one relatively easily controllable class of trace gases - ozone depleting chemicals, or ODCs, principally chloroflurocar bons (CFCs) - with relatively well quantified risks; 2. Criteria pollu tants: six common pollutants - ozone (O-3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulf ur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), lead (Pb), and particulate m atter less than 10 microns in size (PM10) - regulated since 1970 in th e U.S. and presenting relatively well quantified risks; 3. Acid precip itation: two relatively easily controllable classes of trace gases - o xides of nitrogen (NOx) and oxides of sulfur (SOx) with relatively wel l quantified risks; 4. Global warming/climate change: a few difficult to control trace gases - principally carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH 4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and CFCs - with highly uncertain risks; 5. To xics or HAPs (hazardous air pollutants): hundreds of types of gaseous chemicals and particles with uncertain risks; 6. Somewhat dated, but n evertheless useful, is the following reference: Glossary on Air Pollut ion (Copenhagen, World Health Organization, 1980).