J. Kawai et al., DEPTH SELECTIVE CHEMICAL-STATE ANALYSIS OF FLY-ASH WITH SIMULTANEOUS XANES MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL ELECTRON AND X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE YIELDS, Physica. B, Condensed matter, 209(1-4), 1995, pp. 237-238
We have developed a method to obtain both surface (< 100 Angstrom) and
bulk chemical state of powder samples simultaneously. This method is
applied to analyze depth profile of fly ash samples and find that the
chemical state of surface sulfur is different from that of bulk sulfur
.