We show that stochastic learning of attractors can take place in a sit
uation in which either only potentiation or only depression of synapti
c efficacies is caused in a structured Hebbian way. In each case, the
transition in the opposite sense take place at random, but occurs only
upon presentation of a stimulus. The outcome is an associative memory
with the palimpsest property. It is shown that structured potentiatio
n produces more effective learning than structured depression, i.e. it
creates a network with a much higher number of retrievable memories.