THE LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS OF SMALL-SCALE SEWAGE-TREATMENT PROCESSES

The environmental impact of small-scale sewage-treatment works has bee n evaluated using the technique of 'life-cycle analysis'. Three sewage -treatment works with different process options were analysed to ident ify and quantify material use, energy use and environmental releases d uring construction operation and demolition. This enabled (i) a compar ison to be made between process options, and (ii) the identification o f opportunities for the improvement of environmental performance. Subj ect to satisfactory sewage treatment and sludge disposal, the techniqu e identified additional impacts of importance, which have implications for energy management, works design, supplier management and general environmental policy. Life-cycle analysis provides a useful insight in to environmental impact and has potential for wider application within the water industry.