As a precursor to management, ecosystems of different sizes need to be
mapped at different scales. The key to developing criteria for subdiv
iding land into ecosystems is understanding the factors that control e
cosystem size at various scales in a hierarchy. The relationships betw
een an ecosystem at one scale and ecosystems at smaller or larger scal
es must be examined, in order to predict the effects of management. Mu
lti-scale mapping is helpful in analyzing relationships of this type.