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Cross-species models of simple behaviors can provide critical informat
ion regarding the neural substrates for sexual dimorphism and the neur
oendocrine regulation of information processing. This article reviews
evidence that one such behavioral measure, prepulse inhibition of the
startle reflex, may help us to understand the endocrine substrates tha
t regulate sensorimotor gating and the contribution of these substrate
s to sex differences in the clinical characteristics of schizophrenia.