PUMP OPERATOR FOR LASERS WITH MULTILEVEL EXCITATION

In a multi-level laser the pump process involves several intermediate levels. The details of the atomic excitation are often irrelevant so t hat an effective heat bath description and a two-level-laser model are applicable. The heat bath approximation may be too crude, however; it does not predict phenomena such as intensity-noise squeezing and sub- Poissonian field statistics. We show how, in the general situation, th e multi-level description can still be reduced to a two-level descript ion in terms of a non-Markovian master equation where a rate matrix, r ather than a single rate, accounts for the excitation process. The res ulting dependence of the excitation rates on the state of the laser fi eld constitutes a correction to the standard laser model. We hold it r esponsible for the dynamic noise reduction in multi-level lasers.