In the present paper, general definitions for viscoelasticity and visc
oplasticity laws are introduced. In addition, two methods for formulat
ing viscoplasticity laws are given. These methods are based on two dif
ferent notions of overstresses, introduced here with reference to the
3-parameter solid, and can take into account various kinds of non-line
arities. For the viscoplasticity laws considered, as well as for limit
ing cases of these laws, an analysis of the functional structure is pe
rformed; in addition, characteristic properties are illustrated, using
one-dimensional loading histories.