This paper analyzes the effects of European Monetary Union (EMU) on re
gional convergence. First, information is provided about the magnitude
and the evolution of regional disparities. Subsequently, the relation
between economic integration and long-run regional convergence is dis
cussed. Third, regional convergence is shown to be dependent on flexib
le regional adjustment to changing economic conditions. In the transit
ion to and in the final stage of EMU, sufficient regional wage flexibi
lity will be required to cope with adverse economic shocks. The last p
art of the paper estimates the response of regional labor income to re
gion-specific and national shocks.