Rl. Hopcroft, THE AUTHORITY ATTAINMENT OF WOMEN - COMPETITIVE SECTOR EFFECTS, The American journal of economics and sociology, 55(2), 1996, pp. 163-184
Women receive better returns than men in authority in the competitive
sector of the economy, all else being equal (including gender-type of
occupation and firm size). This finding supports a hypothesis drawn fr
om organizations theory and Becker (1971)(1957). In addition, this ana
lysis shows that while differences in education and hours worked per w
eek do help explain the gender difference in authority in the workplac
e, gender differences in domestic responsibilities have little direct
effect on authority attainment.