OPEN COMPARISON OF ARTEMETHER AND MEFLOQUINE IN UNCOMPLICATED PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM HYPERPARASITEMIA IN CHILDREN

The efficacy of intramuscular artemether given for 5 days and a single oral dose of mefloquine, 25 mg/kg/body-weight, was evaluated in 84 ch ildren with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum hyperparasitaemia (> 5 % parasitized erythrocytes). Follow-up was for 14 days in the artemeth er group and 28 days in the mefloquine group. Artemether produced a si gnificantly higher parasite reduction at 24 hours [mean 90.6 vs 63.3%, 95% confidence interval 10.7-43.9] and significantly shorter parasite clearance time [mean 38.4 vs 49.3 hours, 95% confidence interval 5.5- 16.3] than mefloquine. Fever clearance times were similar, presumably because of the use of an antipyretic in both treatment groups. Cure ra te was 98% with artemether on day 14 and 100% with mefloquine on day 2 8. One child in the artemether group who had recurrence of parasitaemi a on day 14 responded promptly to mefloquine with clearance of parasit aemia and fever at 24 hours. Although both drugs were well tolerated, mefloquine produced more episodes of abdominal pain with or without di arrhoea and vomiting. These results suggest that both drugs are effect ive in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum hyperparasitaemia in childr en from an endemic area of south-west Nigeria.