The optimized delta-expansion is used to study vacuum polarization eff
ects in the Walecka model. The optimized delta-expansion is a nonpertu
rbative approach for field theoretic models which combines the techniq
ues of perturbation theory and the variational principle. Vacuum effec
ts on self-energies and the energy density of nuclear matter are studi
ed up to O(delta(2)). When exchange diagrams are neglected, the tradit
ional relativistic Hartree approximation (RHA) results are exactly rep
roduced and, using the same set of parameters that saturate nuclear ma
tter in the RHA, a new stable, tightly bound state at high density is
found.