TRANSMISSION-LINE THEORY APPROACH TO SOLUTION OF STATE-EQUATIONS FOR LINEAR-LUMPED CIRCUITS

Linear-lumped circuits containing capacitors and/or inductors are desc ribed by differential equations. In computer-aided circuit analysis, t hese equations are discretized in time, thus being reduced to approxim ate formulas involving samples of voltages and currents. It is shown t hat these relations can be interpreted as exact equations for networks containing transmission lines. Hence, some features of the approximat e formulas gain a clear physical interpretation. In particular, conver gence and energy balance properties of the formulas become obvious, co nfirming advantages of the trapezoidal rule over all other formulas.