A set of self-report scales on depression, parental happiness, intimat
e relationships, social support, self-esteem, and risk-taking behavior
were administered to 455 adolescents to determine the relationship be
tween depression and these other variables. Adolescents with depressed
mood were found to be less intimate with both parents, felt less soci
al support, and had lower self-esteem than their peers. Adolescents wh
o perceived their mother or father as unhappy also reported less intim
acy with both parents and less social support.