CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES FOR REGIONAL AIR-POLLUTION CONTROL FROM ENERGY AND INDUSTRIAL SECTORS

The technological options currently available to reduce SO2 and NOx em issions including abatement technologies and high efficient energy con version technologies are reviewed. The energy emission model EFOM-ENV (Energy Flow Optimization Model-Environment) which takes into account all relevant emission reduction measures is used to determine the cost optimized energy pathway, the ranking of reduction measures and the c orresponding costs as a function of given reduction levels of SO2 and/ or NOx emissions for different scenarios in selected Central and Easte rn European countries. It is shown that restructuring of the energy sy stem is a major emission reduction option in all countries but with a potential varying greatly from country to country depending mainly on the existing structure and the age of the plants and on the developmen t of the energy demand. The emission reduction costs for SO2 in Centra l and Eastern European countries. are 50 % to 70 % lower than in Weste rn countries due to high potential of fuel/technology switching and en ergy saving measures. Cost efficient measures to reduce CO2 emissions also lead to a significant decrease of SO2 and NOx emissions.