K. Sterzik et al., INFLUENCE OF SMOKING ON FERTILITY IN WOMEN ATTENDING AN IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION PROGRAM, Fertility and sterility, 65(4), 1996, pp. 810-814
Objective: To investigate the influence of cigarette smoking of women
on the fertilization and pregnancy rates obtained by IVF treatment. Pa
tients: One hundred ninety-seven infertile, otherwise healthy women wh
o entered an NF program for the first time. Setting: Fertility unit at
the Women's University hospital of the University of Ulm, Ulm, German
y. Interventions: The study population consisted of 197 women (23 to 3
9 years old) who were divided into the following groups: nonsmokers (n
= 68), passive smokers (n = 26), and active smokers (n = 103) accordi
ng to the cotinine concentration measured in follicular fluid. The rea
son for infertility was strictly a tubal factor with apparently normal
ovulatory cycles. To guarantee an objective recording of tobacco smok
e exposure, the smoking habit was not determined by questionnaires, bu
t by cotinine, the principal metabolite of nicotine. Results: There we
re no significant differences in fertilization and pregnancy rates bet
ween the different groups. The E(2) serum levels were decreased signif
icantly in women who smoked when compared with the results obtained fr
om nonsmokers and passive smokers. Overall, a strong negative correlat
ion of the cotinine and E(2) levels was observed (r = -0.65). Conclusi
on: The results suggest that there is no clinically detectable impairm
ent of fertilization potential due to female smoking and that there is
a greater influence on the outcome of IVF by other factors.