DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF DOXORUBICIN CONCENTRATION IN THE INTACT, LIVINGSINGLE CANCER CELL DURING HYPERTHERMIA

BACKGROUND. It is well known that the effect of doxorubicin on cancer cells is enhanced by hyperthermia. The mechanism of this phenomenon is not fully understood. METHODS. Two esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, TE-2 and TE-6, were used; these cell lines have different sensitivities for doxorubicin. The cells were exposed to 1 mu g/mL of doxorubicin for 30 minutes. With a confocal laser scanning microscope and a transparent warming plate, doxonubicin concentration was measur ed continuously in the intact, living single cancer cells, and the two -dimensional distribution of the drug during hyperthermia (43 degrees C) was analyzed. RESULTS. A doxorubicin sensitivity difference was con firmed between TE-2 and TE-6 cells by colonogenic assay (P < 0.05). Hy perthermia increased the sensitivity of both cell lines to the drug (P < 0.05) and eliminated the sensitivity difference. Doxorubicin accumu lated in the nuclei in both cell lines 30 minutes after exposure to th e drug in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Without hyperthermia, th e doxorubicin concentration in the nuclei of the TE-2 cells (4.8 +/- 0 .3 mu g/mL) was higher than in the nuclei of the TE-6 cells (2.3 +/- 0 .5 mu g/mL) (P < 0.05). With hyperthermia, there was no significant di fference in doxorubicin concentration between the nuclei of the TE-2 c ells (20.8 +/- 1.3 mu g/mL) and the nuclei of the TE-6 cells (16.5 +/- 3.9 mu g/mL). CONCLUSIONS. Hyperthermia increased the uptake of doxor ubicin in the nuclei of cancer cells. Thus, the authors concluded that hyperthermia increases the cells' sensitivity to the drug. (C) 1997 A merican Cancer Society.