J. Nichols et al., 3-DIMENSIONAL VISUALIZATION OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED KINETIC-MODEL OUTPUTS, Environmental health perspectives, 102(11), 1994, pp. 952-956
Outputs from a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PB-TK) model for f
ish were visualized by mapping time-series data for specific tissues o
nto a three-dimensional representation of a rainbow trout. The trout r
epresentation was generated in stepwise fashion: 1) cross-sectional im
ages were obtained from an anesthetized fish using a magnetic resonanc
e imaging system, 2) images were processed to classify tissue types an
d eliminate unnecessary detail, 3) processed images were imported to a
visualization software package (Application Visualization System) to
create a three-dimensional representation of the fish, encapsulating f
ive volumes corresponding to the liver, kidney, muscle, gastrointestin
al tract, and fat. Kinetic data for the disposition of pentachloroetha
ne in trout were generated using a PB-TK model. Model outputs were map
ped onto corresponding tissue volumes, representing chemical concentra
tion as color intensity. The workstation software was then used to ani
mate the images, illustrating the accumulation of pentachloroethane in
each tissue during a continuous branchial (gill) exposure.