T. Belytschko et al., HIGH-RESOLUTION 2-DIMENSIONAL SHEAR-BAND COMPUTATIONS - IMPERFECTIONSAND MESH DEPENDENCE, Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering, 119(1-2), 1994, pp. 1-15
Very fine meshes, up to 64000 elements with 5 to 10 elements across a
shear band, are used to study dynamic shear band formation in viscopla
stic plane-strain specimens under compression. Imperfections are shown
to have a crucial effect on shear band structure; they determine the
size and location of the shear band. A transition to a pattern of para
llel shear bands is observed when the imperfection is reduced in size.
It is also shown that the results are independent of element type or
stabilization for early stages of localization but as the band narrows
in the latter stages, element size and type have marked effects; this
element and mesh dependence is attributed to insufficient resolution.